Plural nouns

Header 

This title include only plural forms and nothing about the singular. Authors hide this for the readers. May they mean it is not important for real practice. When I have only one apple how can I be with it? Important all that is into the plural form ...

Header description

He ate 47 sandwiches in ten minutes.

Looks like understandable but is not accurate. I won't excpect many of this when I listen and can be how I like when I use this.

Amazing people

People who like to be unusual. Milai Ismail had 342 daughters and 525 sons that like to be more accurate than other: color, sandwiches, books, marathons. But I can't understand how to be father for them ... 

Question

• 115 marathons
• 90 languages
• 47 sandwiches
• 525 sons

No color here, but other is like to be ordinary. Hmm ... It is define how to use plular nouns ordinary.

How to write plural and singular nouns  

1. Countalbe nouns, strict divide on the two goups: plural or singular;
1. usually add -s in the end;
2. exceptions -s, -ch, -sh, -x  add -es in the end;
3. exceptions -f(e) add -ves in the end;
4. exceptions vowel + -y add -s in the end;
5. exceptions -o add -s or -es in the end;
2.  Special prulars for any words, new words in fact:
1. child => children;
2. fish => fish;
3. foot => feet;
4. man => men;
5. mouse => mice;
6. person => people;
7. sheep => sheep;
8. tooth => teeth;
9. woman => women;
3. Some nouns have only plural form:
1. pyjamas, trousers, scissors, glasses, jeans [my historical order];
2. Authors says about method to use a pair of to make it singular;
3. I can't understand that in common of some especial nouns or can use them only in general because all of them are temporary. But this group of temporary things is especially in focus and jeans was coming recently of may suitable needs and isn't accurate to made them right for grammar; 
4. Look like two items more for the first list of terms:
1. police, staff; Looks singular but we use them like plural;
2. team, family; Can be in singular and plural without changes;
5. Some nouns include many people:
1. team, company, family ... 
2. but may be in plular when many teams play for World Cup of fotball ... 

Tip

 

Tip say if talk about things in general like to use plural noun and no article.

 

How to

• It is not to be accurate but easy to use:
• Terms for using when noun is ordinary [1];
• Some nous named special and stand out [2];
• Some isn't accurate in grammar means of emergence [3];
• Some nouns in plural become to take a new name [4,5];

 

Countable and uncountable nouns

I have countable and uncoutable noun. Only one condition must be to define noun as countable: I can count it.

I use articles a or an before countable nouns. Else other words before uncountable nouns. Countable nouns have singular and plural forms.

At sometimes uncountable nouns may be countable in context or in different means.

 

Mutations

Rock noun as the matherial is uncoutable, but a rock is piece of rock is countable noun.

Water is liquid, it's uncountable noun, but a glass of water is countable noun.

Any thing may be modified to make this countable.

 

Exceptions

These nouns is uncountable in English: advice, accommodation, fruit, furniture, homework, information, knowledge, luggage, money, music, news, pasta, traffic, transport.

 

Examples for practice

• I got advice from my friend.
• I don't have so many money.
• I'm reading news.
• I like pasta!
• Traffic on the road is so terrible.
• City transport can be helpful for the tourists.
• I like different music!
  

How to

I can use noun as countable only if I can count it now without additional actions. Else other is uncountable for me.

Also, If I listen that anybody use noun as countable I know that he or she can cout this.

State verbs

Hmm ... When I'm reading this unit fast I understand that in English anything isn't activity in opinion. Yes, if I think I don't don anything usually.

Verbs of the senses allow using with can, that is good for the abilities. I can't understand how to hear as state without action. 

I must spend an energy for this action, it isn't state. But it's define only that we use them in simple form not the continuous, usually.

Means

But what did they mean when wrote that it's a state? Feel, own, know isn't state. It's a process while I do anything. One that may define general similarity is no obvious of their presentation for people.

When I'm thinking, nobody don't know about this. They can say that I do nothing or that it's state without actions, because they don't see anything.

 

Activity

If I append -ing end for the state verb. I can take new means that include activity and more for state verbs.

 

How to

• I must define tense for my sentence first: with -ing ends or other without it.
• I look for the verb type for say it accurate.
• I can imagine how it's going on for better result on my practice with new verbs or of the new circumstances.
  

Verb + -ing or verb + to-infinitive; like and would like

It looks how a two new additions for verbs. These additions is also verbs but one with -ing ends, second with to before it. And any alternative for this: like and would like.

The first that I can say it's -ing ends make it easy to be. No obligations that I described in the past. It may be more detailed if it's about the past tense.

The to make any verb unchangeble, set it to the basic state - infinitive. That define that verbs is may no good and possible to replace it. It's lock changes for this verb ...

I'll take different means while will use one of them for different tenses.

Like and would like

I can use like as common first verb. Also append could before. That made more different means for it. In the full version:

would like to-infinitive or verb-ing

-ing or to-infinitive

I can use any verb with both, but other is for  the one modificator only.

It's common verb mods

The TIP say that I can't use adverb after these structures. It looks that verb mods from this unit incompatible with phrasal verbs. More in 56 unit.

Verbs

If I leand new verb I learn that I can use after it.

That I have

I have different possible verb mods for my phrases, two common where only one position is possible for some verbs:

• verb + to-infinitive
• verb + verb-ing

Two where common verb is predetermined:

• like + to-infinitive
• like + verb-ing

  Would like is mean want or might want. That may define would mean of might:

• would like + to-infinitive // polite invitation
  
• would like + verb-ing
  

Means

• I like to learn English language.
• I like learning English language.
• Do you like finishing this exercise?
• Do you like to finish this exercise?
• I like helping people.
• I like to help people.
  

Right only first, but why the second and fourth isn't possible to be? Oh, I can't understand differences so easy. Last two is right both.

I know about have to and be going to, that may be helpful for understand this unit.

Also, about past continuous and present continuous.

• Verbs to only: decide, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, plan, promise, refuse, wait, want;
  
• Verbs -ing only: avoid, enjoy, finish, mind, suggest;
  

How to

• This additions fro the verbs don't include any completely terms for describe how to do it;
• Each time I must learn each verb separately with their possible additions;
• Addition verb-ing may be right for irregular events, of suitable circumstance, that we can do easy without manual or other. It's more for unofficial events;
  
• Addition to-infinitive may be right for regular events, where we need a manual or other, events with officila or real obligations. It's more for official events;
  

Verbs with two objects

Verb may have two object at sometimes. I'm looking for the description, title and when I have read the terms ... I can make some previous conclusions:

• Verbs with two object isn't equal to verbs within two objects. I may make more sentences or doing anything else.
  
• Description show example without one prepositions or other. It's easy way. 
• Terms describe many different ways how to make sentence with two object, where I must use prepositions and other for make them right.

Description

I have got my attention because I see here no one support words. No to or prepositions here.

Tell your friends the truth.

It's right only for verb tell, but I don't understand why ... Tip include information that I can't change the order for this verb and use to.

But if I put indirect object first it will be good to take out to for all other sentences with all verbs.

 

Objects

• Direct object is person or thing that directly receive the action or effect of the verb. Questions: what or whom.
• The indirect object is accompany for direct object. Questions: for/of what, for/of whom.

Differences

 The common different between two possible orders:

• subject + verb + direct object + to + indirect object
• subject + verb + indirect object + direct object

If I change order I mark indirect object as more important than direct. Also it exclude all support words. Example:

• I lend 80£ to my friend.
• I lend my friend 80£.

 

Make, get, buy

If I make/get/buy anything for anibody. I use for instead to.

Exceptions

It looks good because I must use for instead of to with verbs: get, buy and make. Minus one if I'll set indirect object first,

But it isn't difficult and I can use right order to create that I want to show.

And prefer for the verb tell, also is exception too. Don't say: I told the truth to him. Say: I told him the truth. It may be because while we talk the person is more important than our topic of conservation.

That is undenaible in this unit, it's two possible types of object: direct and indirect. They are different and question is helpful to check them.

Without prepositions accurate verb may be needed to make it obvious for many people without context and prepositions if inderect object is first.

Example: I got my friend 100 pounds => I received my friend 100 pounds.

How to

• I like to choose that is more important to me: derect or indirect object.
  
• subject + verb + direct object + to + indirect object
• subject + verb + indirect object + direct object

Phrasal verbs

Oh, it looks so difficut because English language include many verbs and adverbs. But I know that adverb is description for a verb. It make on defenitions of these pairs predictable already.

Adverb don't change a verb and their meaning. It append description, get more details only. Hmm ... but it's out of common template. And it nemed as Phrasal verbs, it's as one word here.

Object

Phrasal verb may be with object or not. If object is personal pronoun it's before adverb particle, always. If not, it may be different.

• Asimo can turn them on.
• Asimo can turn light on.
• Asimo can turn on light.

Preposition or phrasal ... 

For example, words down, up may be in different groups. It's adverbs, verbs, adjectives, prepositions. Hm ... Where do I take any choosen with this different?

It may not be important ...

 

Equal single verbs

At sometimes any single verbs are equal for phrasal verbs, last isn't needed particle. But if I use adverb particle I set focus and appear more description for the listener.

• tidy = tudy up
• wake = wake up
• lie = lie down
• sit = sit down

 

Formal and informal

Phrasal verbs is for informal speech, in formal speech we can use alternatives:

• We got back in the evening.
• We returned in the evening.

Personal pronoun exception

If object is personal pronoun, I must set it between verb and adverb. Example: Take them off!

But why? Which order does define it to be?

Get one!

Phrasal verbs	Single verb
I break down this barrier.	I ...
I find out
We get back from the shop.
He was getting up
She has hurried up
She doesn't lie down all night.
I wanted to run away when monster came.
You can sit down now.
Please, stand up!
wake up
wash up
charge up
look up
pick up
put up
take back
tell off
throw away
tidy up
turn down
turn off

This is one verb, but I think possible to write more and context will define right verb each time.

How to

Phrasal verbs appear so many new meanings that it's difficult to understand. It's equal for prepostional verbs, but easily.

Also, It'm thinking about focusing on the single words before I'll use this and previous units fully.

But I have known about this grammar template and can check it into the sentences, usinng at sometimes also.

Prepositional verbs

It looks as two word as one. Verb here is verb + prepositional. Hm ... But I'll learn them into the unit 61 - 63 and no links here for these units.

Preposition is path of the verb and may change their mean very strong.

I can use verbs how I can, but now each of them may be with preposition. In the statements, negative, questions.

Verb here contain two words: Think about it!

Combinations

• make off, mean ends: I make off my project.
  
• make on, mean in accordance: I make on my project.
  
• make for, mean prepare: I make for party.
  
• make from, mean using matherial: I make from the wood.
  
• make with, mean together: I make with my friend.
  
• make across, mean independed: I make across citizenship.
  
• make in, mean when I have free time: I make in my free time.
  
• make to, mean for she is: I make to my girlfriend.
  
• make at, mean at time: I make at holiday!
  
• make after, mean the next of: I make after repeating terms.
  
• make about, mean describe: I make song about river.
  

It works and getting different result. It ins't all prepostions, but all from this unit. I was using verb make that I didn't understand completely in the previous unit.

Facts

Picture show that each time when prepositiona verb was using, we get any fact.

May it be true?

Across

How does this preposition define meaning of any verb? Hmm ... Can I find something in common for make it easy for using ... .

I have descriptions from the cambridge vocabulary:

• from one side to the other of something with clear limits, such as an area of land, a road, or a rive;
• on the opposite side of;
• from one side to the other side of, or at the other side of;
• If something is happening across the country, it is happening in all parts of the country;

 

Difficult to understand anithing one that will be helpful with each verb:

• make across
• come across
• get across
• take across
• go across
• pay across
• read across
• send across
• look across
• watch across
• finish across

How to

I can use preposition with verb in different sentences: statement, negative, questions. I'll get different result that defined by ... combitaions of verbs and prepositions in their different meanings.

They are replacing any nouns, adverbs, adjectives. That is good when I don't know so many of them. I can use only verbs and prepositions to get many meanings.

But I have different meanings that I can't understand easy ... Also, I have problems with verbs. I don't know meanings of many verbs completely.

Oh, may be no difference here and I got new large amount of possible meanings in the English language.